In this post I will pick-up on the topic of learning outcomes and the CoI framework that I addressed in a previous editorial (June 19, 2017). At the time I had emphasized that the CoI framework is a model founded on the process of collaborative inquiry. To be clear, a CoI may be transactional but it has specific, intended, and worthwhile learning outcomes. Furthermore, the CoI transaction is based upon the premise that a collaborative constructivist learning experience may be the most effective means to achieve deep and meaningful learning outcomes. While there is evidence that perceived and real quality outcomes are associated with a CoI experience (Garrison, 2017, p. 59), further evidence is required to validate this premise.

With this in mind I was pleased to see new research emerge that explored the interdependencies of the CoI presences and learning outcomes (Yussiff, Ahmad, & Mustapha, 2018). This study used experimental and control groups (60 and 42 participants respectively) to assess the influence of the presences (using the CoI questionnaire) on actual learning outcomes in an e-collaborative learning environment as measured by pre and post-test syllabus performances. The findings validated the CoI questionnaire and using a structural equation model it was “demonstrated that collaborative learning experience strongly predict learning outcomes indirectly through the mediating and moderating effects of the three presences” (Conclusion).

I find these results encouraging but not surprising. We have predicted such results from the outset based on the premise that when deep and meaningful learning expectations exist and care is given to designing and facilitating a collaborative constructivist learning experience, quality outcomes will result. Future research, however, should also consider the quality of learning outcomes. I have argued that a CoI approach (collaborative inquiry) is not required for simple recall of information (surface learning). Collaborative inquiry is simply not necessary or efficient as a means to transfer knowledge in whole. On the other hand, if the goal is to construct deep learning outcomes, then investment in collaborative inquiry is not only justified but arguably essential. The research challenge is to demonstrate that deep learning outcomes are the result of a CoI approach.

Therefore, it is clear to me that linking learning outcomes to the concerted influence of the CoI presences is an area that deserves further study such that it will contribute to the validation of the CoI framework as a means to achieve deep and meaningful learning outcomes.